Научная рациональность и «возвращение к теологии»

Dmitrii V. Shmonin

doi:10.21638/spbu28.2019.301

Authors

Dmitrii V. Shmonin Saints Cyril and Methodius Institute for Postgraduate Studies, Pyatnitskaya ul., 4/2, Moscow, 115035, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2019.301

Abstract

The article describes the place of theology both inside and outside of modern academic knowledge. A modernized three-dimensional scheme (classification) of scientific classifications of science. This model assumes the simultaneous distribution of sciences by the studied objects and ranking of the raised questions by the level of fundamental nature. The top position in this scheme is taken by theology, which is represented both as an independent subject area within the system of sciences and humanities, and as a system of values and meanings outside it. The subject area of theology (taking into account the specifics of various religious traditions) is revealed by the author through a variety of disciplines and various methodologies, both theological and related methods of other sciences. The author presumes that a researcher working on rapidly developing fundamental or applied sciences requires value-outlook support from theology, regardless of whether he considers himself belonging to a religious tradition. The dogmatic systems of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism that go beyond the limits of science include basic ideas about the Divine origin of the world, creation, man, absolute values; they provide the scientist with a harmonious perception of the world while maintaining the principles of science and objectivity in his research work.

Keywords:

theology, scientific knowledge, classification of sciences, values

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Antonov K. M. (2012) “Theology as Academic Speciality”, in Voprosy filosofii, vol. 6, pp. 73–84.(In Russian)

Aristotle (1976–1983) Works in 4 vol. Moscow, Myslʼ Publ. (In Russian)

Augustinus (1815–1875) “De Genesi ad litteram”. Lib. III. Cap.4–5, in Patrologia Latina, еd. by J.-P. Migne. Paris, J.-P. Migne editorem, vol. 34, pp. 281–282.

Bacon F. (1971–1972) Works in 2 vols. Moscow, Myslʼ Publ. (In Russian)

Bonaventure (2001) “On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology”, in Antologiia srednevekovoi mysli in 2 vols, ed. by S. S. Neretina. St. Petersburg, RCHGA Publ., vol. 2, pp. 127–140. (In Russian)

Clement of Alexandria (2003) Stromats. I–III. St. Petersburg, O. Abyshko Publ. (In Russian)

Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis Societatis Jesu in octo libros Physicorum Aristotelis Stagiritae(1609). Coloniae, [S. n.].

“Commentariorum Petri Fonsecae Lusitani…” (1604), in Metaphysicorum Aristotelica Stagiritae Libros. Coloniae, [S. n.].

Debray R. (2009) Introduction to Mediology. Moscow, Praxis Publ. (In Russian)

Descartes R. (1989–1994) Works in 2 vols. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ. (In Russian)

Doyle J. P. (1987) “Suarez on Beings of Reason and Truth”, in Vivarium, vol. XXV, 1, pp. 47–75.

Doyle J. P. (1988) “Suarez on Beings of Reason and Truth”, in Vivarium. Vol. XXVI, 1, pp. 51–72.

Fedorov A. A. (2012) “To clarify the views of B. M. Kedrov in place of psychology in the system of sciences”, in Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, vol. 6, iss. 2, pp. 14–21.(In Russian)

Frolova E. A. (2006) The history of Arab-Muslim philosophy. Middle Ages. Moscow, Akademicheskii Proekt Publ. (In Russian)

Gaidenko P. P. (2003) Scientific rationality and philosophical mind. Moscow, Progress-Tradition Publ. (In Russian)

García Ahumada E. (2003) Teología de la Educación. Santiago, Editorial Tiberíades.

Gilson E. (2010) Philosophy in the Middle Ages. From the origins of patristics to the end of the fourteenth century, translated from French. Moscow, Republic Publ. (In Russian)

Groppo G. (1991) Teologia dell’educazione: origine, identità, compiti. Roma, Librería Ateneo Salesiano.

Habermas J. (1984–1987) Theory of Communicative Action in 2 vols, transl. by Thomas A. McCarthy. Boston, Mass., Beacon Press.

Heidegger M. (1993)Time and Being. Articles and speeches. Moscow, Republic Publ. (In Russian)

Higton M. (2012) A Theology of Higher Education. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Hugo de Saint-Victor (2016) Didascalicon. On the art of learning, transl. from latin by A. A. Klestov.

Moscow; St. Petersburg, Petroglyph Publ. (In Russian)

Ibrahim T. K. (2017) “The principles of allegorical exegetics according to falsafa”, in Islam in the modern world: domestic and international political aspects, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 85–104. (In Russian)

Ilyin V. V. (1993) “Classics — non-classics — neo-classics”, in Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta.

Ser. 7. Philosophy, vol. 2, pp. 16–34. (In Russian)

Isidore of Seville (2006) Etymologies in XX Books. Books I–III. Seven Free Arts. St. Petersburg, Evrasia Publ. (In Russian)

Kedrov B. M. (1961) Classification of Sciences. Engels and his predecessors. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo VPSh i AON pri TsK KPSS. (In Russian)

Kedrov B. M. (1985) Classification of Sciences. Forecast K. Marx on the science of the future. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ. (In Russian)

Kedrov B. M. (1965) Classification of Sciences. From Lenin to the present day. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ.(In Russian)

Kedrov B. M. (1973) “On the synthesis of sciences”, in Problemy filosofii, vol. 3, pp. 77–90. (In Russian)

Kedrov B. M. (1964) “Science”, in Filosofskaia entsiklopediia. Moscow, Sovetskaia entsiklopediia Publ., vol. 3, pp. 562–584. (In Russian)

Khlebnikov G. V. (2007) Ancient philosophical theology. Moscow, Nauka Publ. (In Russian)

Kopeykin K. V. (2018) “Theology and science of the 21st century”, in Trudy kafedry bogosloviia Sankt-Peterburgskoi dukhovnoi akademii, no. 1, pp. 106–120. (In Russian)

Lectorskii V. A., Arshinov V. I., Kuznetsov V. Yu., Pruzhinin B. I. (2016) “Post-non-classical science and sociocultural context”, in Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, vol. 86, iss. 8, pp. 745–753. (In Russian)

Lee C. (2017) Cultural Foundations of Education: East and West, transl. from English. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki. (In Russian)

Leibniz G. V. (1982–1989) Works in 4 vols. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ. (In Russian)

Makarii (Bulgakov), Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna (1999) Introduction to dogmatic theology. Tutaev, Pravoslavnoie bratstvo sviatykh kniazei Borisa i Gleba Publ. (In Russian)

Mamardashvili M. K. (2010) Classical and non-classical ideals of rationality. St. Petersburg, ABC Publ. (In Russian)

Mikhailov P. B. (2015) Categories of theological thought. Moscow, PSTGU Publ. (In Russian)

Nikiforov A. L. (2018) “ ‘Three-dimensional’ image of science. Answer to opponents”, in Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiia. Sotsiologiia. Politologiia, no. 42, pp. 218–220. (In Russian)

Nikiforov A. L. (2013) “What is ‘post-non-classical science’?” in Epistemologiia i filosofiia nauki, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 59–64. (In Russian)

Ogurtsov A. P. (2011) Philosophy of Science: 20th Century. Concepts and problems in 3 vols. St. Petersburg, Mir Publ. (In Russian)

Oxford Guide to Philosophical Theology (2013), transl. from English by V. V. Vasiliev. Moscow, Iazyki slavianskoi kul’tury Publ. (In Russian)

Petrov M. K. (1991) Language. Sign. Culture. Moscow, Nauka Publ. (In Russian)

Piaget J. (2001) “Psychology, interdisciplinary communications and the system of sciences”, in Jean Piaget: theory, experiments, discussions: collection of articles, comp. and commonly, eds L. F. Obukhova, G. V. Burmenskaya. Moscow, Gardariki Publ., pp. 157–182. (In Russian)

Plato (1989–1994)Works in 4 vols. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ. (In Russian)

Polskov K. O. (2015) “Theological method vs method in theology”, in Filisofia i kultura, no. 9 (93), pp. 1277–1285. (In Russian)

Polskov K. O. (2010) “To the question of scientific theological method”, in Voprosy filosofii, no. 7, pp. 93–101. (In Russian)

Pruzhinin B. I. (2009) Ratio serviens? The contours of cultural-historical epistemology. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ. (In Russian)

Rakitov A. I. (2016) “Epistemology of social sciences and humanities”, in Voprosy filosofii, no. 9, pp. 63–71. (In Russian)

Rakitov A. I., Anisimova A. E. (2014) “Classification of sciences as a philosophical problem”, in Philosophical sciences, no. 7, pp. 30–40. (In Russian)

Russell B. (1987) “Religion and Science”, in Russell B. Why Iʼm Not a Christian: Selected Atheistic Works. Moscow, Politizdat. (In Russian)

Sachot M. (1998) L’Invention du Christ. Genèse d’une religion. Paris, Odile Jacob.

Scharer M., Hilberath B. J. (2008) The Practice of Communicative Theology: Introduction to a New Theological Culture. New York, Crossroad Publ.

Shipovalova L. V., Malyshkin E. V. (2016) “The historical source of scientific objectivity or On a possible answer to the ‘scandalous’ question of philosophy”, in Voprosy filosofii, no. 12,pp. 96–105. (In Russian)

Shipovalova L. V. (2012) “On the possible compatibility of historicity and objectivity of scientific knowledge”, in Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, ser. 6, no. 4. (In Russian)

Shmonin D. V. (2013) Introduction to medieval philosophy. Patristics. St. Petersburg, RCHGA Publ. (In Russian)

Shokhin V. K. (2015) “Bogoslovie, Theology, and Museology: A Discourse on the P. B. Mikhailova”, in Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Theology. Philosophy, no. 2 (58), рр. 143–155. (In Russian)

Shokhin V. K. (2018) Philosophical theology: canon and variability. St. Petersburg, Nestor-Istoria Publ. (In Russian)

Sirat C. (2003) A History of medieval Jewish philosophy. Moscow, Mosty kultury Publ. (In Russian)

Stepanova A. S. (2012) The philosophy of Stoi as a phenomenon of Hellenistic-Roman culture. St. Petersburg, Petropolis Publ. (In Russian)

Stepin V. S. (2011) History and philosophy of science. Textbook for graduate students and applicants for the degree of candidate of sciences. Moscow, Academiсheskii proekt; Trixta Publ. (In Russian)

Stepin V. S. (2011) “New problems of the philosophy of science”, in Sotsiologiia, no. 3, pp. 9–10.(In Russian)

Stepin V. S. (2015) Philosophy and methodology of science. Selected works. Moscow, Akademicheskii proekt; Alma Mater Publ., 2015. (In Russian)

Stepin V. S. (2013) “Types of scientific rationality and the synergistic paradigm”, in Slozhnost’. Razum. Postneklassika, no. 4, pp. 45–59. (In Russian)

Svetlov R. V. (1996) Antique Neoplatonism and Alexandrian exegetics. St. Petersburg, SPbGU Publ. (In Russian)

Uyemov A. I. (1997) “System Approach to the Problem of the Classification of Sciences and Scientific Researches”, in Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol.192 (Issues and Images in the Philosophy of Science), pp. 377–390.

Vdovina G. V. (2007) “Natural theology in the scholasticism of the Middle Ages and early Modern Age”, in Philosophy of religion. 2006–2007. Moscow, Nauka Publ, pp. 302–321. (In Russian)