Научная рациональность и «возвращение к теологии»

Дмитрий Викторович Шмонин

doi:10.21638/spbu28.2019.301

Авторы

Дмитрий Викторович Шмонин Общецерковная аспирантура и докторантура им. свв. равноапостольных Кирилла и Мефодия, Российская Федерация, 115035, Москва, ул. Пятницкая, 4/2, стр. 1

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2019.301

Аннотация

В статье описывается место теологии внутри и вне современного научного знания. На основе анализа основных рефлексивных образов и существующих классификаций науки предложена модернизированная трехмерная схема (классификация) научного знания. Эта модель учитывает не только деление наук в соответствии с изучаемыми объектами, но и внутренние различия по уровню фундаментальности выдвигаемых вопросов. Высшее место в этой схеме занимает теология, которая представлена и как самостоятельная предметная область внутри системы наук, и как система ценностей и смыслов вне ее. Предметная область теологии (с учетом специфики различных религиозных традиций) раскрывается автором через многообразие дисциплин и различных методологий, как собственно теологических, так и родственных методам других наук. Автор исходит из того, что исследователю, который работает в условиях бурного развития фундаментальной и прикладной науки, необходима ценностно-мировоззренческая поддержка со стороны теологии, вне зависимости от того, ощущает ли он себя принадлежащим к религиозной традиции. Выходящие за пределы науки системы вероучений христианства, ислама, иудаизма включают в себя базовые представления о Божественном первоначале мира, творении, человеке, абсолютных ценностях; они обеспечивают ученому гармоничное восприятие мира при сохранении принципов научности и объективности в его исследовательской работе.

Ключевые слова:

теология, научное знание, классификация наук, ценности

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